Alcohol and cigarettes — are they harmful?
Alcohol can promote coagulation in both healthy individuals and those taking anticoagulants. How much so depends on the quantity. Also, every person’s body reacts differently to alcohol. You can enjoy alcohol, but in moderation. And make sure to monitor how it makes you feel, overall.
Smoking can increase the risk of thrombosis (blood clots) and should be completely avoided. It is also greatly damaging to the cardiovascular system, which may be particularly dangerous for cardiac patients. If, for instance, a second cardiac illness (e.g., coronary heart disease or a heart attack) should occur after a successful valve replacement, the risks of complications are greatly increased. If you smoke, and need help quitting, talk to your doctor.